# metadata

col__title: The Mammal Species of The World
col__alias: Mammal Species of the World
col__url: https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/
col__description:
  Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) is a database of mammalian taxonomy, based upon the 2005 book Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed). Don E. Wilson & DeeAnn M. Reeder (editors).


# name

col__id: 0107f561-b755-58bf-83d1-9b8393c09581
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12400519
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Callosciurus wrayi (Kloss, 1910). The following taxa are from S Sumatra: rafflesii (Vigors and Horsfield, 1828)


col__id: 01ad8ed6-b573-598c-8d53-40e70b8489f8
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13001505
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Melomys woollier pelage, and 1-3 caudal hairs per scale (a single hair per scale in all M. rufescens examined, including gracilis). The presence of two species of rufescens like Melomys on Mt Hagen and Mt Sisa was was also demonstrated by analysis of allo


col__id: 040590f3-4741-52a5-9c5d-fb4dfd0f8b78
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13800326
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Pteropus ulthiensis Yamashima, 1932. Not allocated to subspecies: vanikorensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1830


col__id: 0c78f6a3-6c89-535a-8e81-48d39fc6ec15
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13700185
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Crocidura stampflii Jentink, 1888 [see Heim de Balsac and Meester, 1977, and Hutterer and Happold, 1983]


col__id: 13cb111b-6ea6-5ab3-9012-bb014c9b5bd0
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13802067
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Pipistrellus broomi Roberts, 1948. Not allocated to subspecies: platycephlus Temminck, 1832 [nomen dubium]


col__id: 17152c7e-8795-5b0d-abd4-9b0eef63b98f
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12700267
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Chaetodipus seri (Nelson, 1912) [renaming of goldmani Townsend, 1912, which is preoccupied by goldmani Osgood, 1900]


col__id: 1767d957-91e9-54f7-bf8f-785119b9c4ef
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13000752
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Oecomys bahiensis (Hershkovitz, 1960) [replacement name for Mus cinnamomeus Pictet and Pictet, 1844, preoccupied by Mus cinnamomeus Lichtenstein, 1830, a Proechimys]


col__id: 18176665-418d-5d9b-a793-24fb66c5b488
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13801070
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Nycteris najdiya Nader and Kock, 1982. Not allocated to subspecies: aethiopicus Heuglin and Fitzinger, 1866 [nomen nudum]


col__id: 191012c6-c41b-59cc-99f0-6395cea9866f
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12500044
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Glis vulgaris Oken, 1816. See Ellerman (1941), Thomas (1906), Morrison-Scott (1951), and Corbet (1978c)


col__id: 1a191564-d420-52a2-8403-c8f0a8529026
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13000823
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Oryzomys vulpinoides (Schinz, 1845) [a renaming of vulpinus Lund, preoccupied by Mus vulpinus Brants, 1827]


col__id: 1cf11e26-6854-5723-bbcd-666f0a8f64cc
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13001562
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Mus domesticus Schwarz and Schwarz, 1943 [not Rutty, 1772, a nomen nudum, but conserved as domesticus Schwarz and Schwarz, 1943


col__id: 27ef8356-d914-5375-8691-ef5f3d11ddbc
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13001556
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Mus spretoides Bonhomme, Catalan, Britton-Davidian, Chapman, Moriwaki, Nevo, and Thaler, 1984 [nomen nudum


col__id: 32801db3-d1cd-57db-b857-7b39fde2f2b8
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13801382
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Artibeus intermedius J. A. Allen, 1897. Not allocated to subspecies: dominicanus Andersen, 1908 [nomen nudum]


col__id: 39211c17-7363-52d3-bcd9-f13d0c8b6d04
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13500064
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Allozyme studies revealed 4-5 main groups of populations in this species (Hafner and Sullivan, 1995). Synonyms listed here follow these groupings: (1) Northern Rockies: cuppes Bangs, 1899


col__id: 3bf23164-d13e-5d69-bb19-4663c2aa7716
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13000248
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Microtus westrae Miller, 1908. Some synonyms listed and much of the southern and eastern distribution outlined for M. arvalis by Ellerman and Morriscon-Scott (1951) and Corbet (1978c) actually refer to M. levis (formerly rossiaemeridionalis)


col__id: 3fab9186-a271-5edc-b290-d5aac815524a
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12401010
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Spermophilus thracius (Mursaloglu, 1964). Not allocated to subspecies: macedonicus Fraguedakis-Tsolis and Ondrias, 1977


col__id: 4599e6d8-636b-5964-b078-9a617b2e9e3d
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13801368
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Artibeus yucatanicus J. A. Allen, 1904. Not allocated to subspecies: macleayii Dobson, 1878 [nomen nudum]


col__id: 529304cc-4bc8-5c52-b3e9-ab88a3670aa4
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12100263
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Cebus tocantinus Lönnberg, 1939. The following names belong to this species or another species of the same species group, but seem impossible to allocate to a subspecies, according to Groves (2001c): capillatus Gray, 1865


col__id: 53437bd9-a232-5c70-bc46-c4b8de15bf04
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12400457
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Callosciurus primus G. M. Allen and Coolidge, 1940. Not allocated to subspecies: cinnamomeiventris (Swinhoe, 1862)


col__id: 691804db-a4f2-5fe7-ac0e-13a6a7322ce8
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:14200424
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Muntiacus truongsonensis Giao, Tuoc, Eric, Dung et al. [sic; apparently Giao, Tuoc, Dung, Wikramanayake, Amato, Arctander and Mackinnon] 1997


col__id: 6a6b7170-36ce-5bbb-b3f7-b920a311ba5d
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12700267
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Chaetodipus sobrinus (Goldman, 1939) [renaming of seorsus Goldman, 1939, which is preoccupied by seorsus Burt, 1932, a subspecies of C. spinatus]


col__id: 7030c098-c300-5714-8c38-5b4260589d0a
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12400511
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Callosciurus ubericolor (Miller, 1903). The following is from Borneo: suffusus (Bonhote, 1901). The following taxa are from mainland Malaya, S Thailand, and adjacent islands: miniatus (Miller, 1900)


col__id: 70cfe308-5450-5d3c-8d95-5645396c8668
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:14300018
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Balaenoptera brevicauda Ichihara, 1966 [not Zemsky and Boronin, 1964, which is a nomen nudum, see Rice, 1977:6]


col__id: 791edf4c-9908-584e-b880-5e9b129d619d
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12400511
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Callosciurus watsoni (Kloss, 1911). Remaining names (most from small islands), not allocated to subspecies: abbottii (Miller, 1900)


col__id: 7952146c-7d30-5f2c-86ba-8b994ca9cbe0
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13700512
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Sorex montanus (Brown, 1966) [not (Kelaart, 1850), not Skalon and Rajevsky, 1940, infrasubspecific name]


col__id: 83ada556-3302-5c00-b276-af07534859af
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13800525
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Rhinolophus judaicus K. Andersen and Matschie, 1904. Not allocated to subspecies: algirus Loche, 1867


col__id: 84e1bd50-00e3-5e6f-9725-83097213b5eb
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13801721
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Nyctinomops espiritosantensis Ruschi, 1951 [see discussion of availability in Pine and Ruschi, 1976]


col__id: 8a9d26f2-eb96-572c-9b88-6eee08dcd871
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13700605
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Sorex khankae Baranova and Zaitsev, 2003 [replacement name for stroganovi Okhotina, 1984 (not Yudin, 1964, not Yudin, 1989)]


col__id: 8adac21b-d231-5d1d-81cc-f67e6ff19a14
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13000359
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Cricetulus zvierezombi Pidoplitschka, 1928. (See Zagordnyuk, 1992b, for comments regarding scientific names applied to Ukranian samples)


col__id: 9a6408de-635b-50cd-8bed-939a773c31b7
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12400519
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Callosciurus pluto (Gray, 1867). The following are from Borneo, including Sarawak: atricapillus (Schlegel, 1863)


col__id: 9b87c167-e506-5523-88da-1e530ff3cc28
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13802081
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Pipistrellus vispistrellus Bonaparte, 1837. Not allocated to subspecies: calcarata Gray, 1838 [nomen dubium


col__id: 9d7994aa-8259-5108-be8e-f0259e76ebb8
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13700476
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Sorex longicaudatus Okhotina, 1993 [not longicaudatus Kishida, 1930, nomen nudum, not longicaudatus Yoshikuru, 1956]


col__id: 9df64cc7-5cd3-56bd-b989-7376891dd3b3
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13801956
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Scotomanes sinensis Thomas, 1921. Not allocated to subspecies: emarginatus Dobson, 1871 [locality unknown, although thought to be from some part of India]


col__id: b2876432-c2c2-54fa-a911-6e60d3a72e76
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13802094
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Pipistrellus oxianus Bogdanov, 1882 [nomen nudum]. Not allocated to subspecies: lacteus Temminck, 1840 [locality unknown]


col__id: bfd35a37-8282-5d1e-94f0-c4977d02b7ab
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12400484
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Callosciurus williamsoni Robinson and Kloss, 1922. Not allocated to subspecies: hyperythrus Blyth, 1856


col__id: cc0e813d-d45e-5b63-b927-46383acebdb3
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12700071
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Dipodomys durranti Setzer, 1952 [replacement name for fuscus Setzer, 1949, which is preoccupied by fuscus Boulware, 1943, a subspecies of D. agilis]


col__id: cdcfcd88-bd1c-52c2-ba26-28d3919a2f91
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12100534
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Macaca aygula (Linnaeus, 1758) [suppressed by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1986), Opinion 1400]


col__id: d2bdf9d4-9561-58fe-8f49-f61a2e350b9b
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12100754
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Bunopithecus golock (Bechstein, 1795) [suppressed by Int. Comm. Zool. Nomencl. (1982), Opinion 1219]


col__id: d5da56b8-19ff-521a-beef-1bbc50fb9642
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13800897
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Rhinopoma sondaicum Van Cakenberghe and De Vree, 1994. Not allocated to subspecies: brevicaudatum Gray, 1831 [not available


col__id: d9a86b7a-3c2d-585a-857b-24c00a20b3b9
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13001579
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Mus sergii Valch, 1927 [see Zagorodnyuk, 1992b]. Ellerman and Morrison-Scott (1951:608) and J. T. Marshall, Jr. (1998) listed acervator, acervifex, canicularius, and caniculator as alternative names proposed by Petényi in the same report where he describe


col__id: d9c580d3-0750-5016-bf80-562e8f68dcc1
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12800161
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Thomomys basilicae Benson and Tillotson, 1940 [a renaming of occipitalis Benson and Tillotson, 1939, which is preoccupied by occipitalis Dice, 1925, a fossil Thomomys from Rancho La Brea, California]


col__id: e39598d6-d27b-5c1b-9d7f-116eb42ef145
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13500330
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Sylvilagus sylvaticus (Bachman, 1837) [preoccupied by Nillson, 1832]. Mexico and Central America: aztecus (J. Allen, 1890)


col__id: e869a429-3e7f-56f9-a788-3746aab5146b
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13000113
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Mystromys albicaudatus (Desmarest, 1822) [Meester et al. (1986) described origin and possible status of this name]


col__id: e8f78766-0757-56b9-952a-4b2862094396
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:14000057
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Felis dongolana Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832 [not V. dongolana Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1832, a viverrid]


col__id: ec026691-f088-576c-8ffc-68783c1a1254
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13500175
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Lepus solisi Palacios and Fernández, 1992. Not allocated to subspecies: mediterraneus Wagner, 1841 [see comments]


col__id: ed592874-e565-5fad-a9a0-b9b7c7d3e5a4
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13800634
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Rhinolophus thaianus Hill, 1992 [in Corbet and Hill (1992), replacement name for siamensis McFarlane and Blood, 1986]


col__id: ee9f1c9b-3b7f-5297-9b10-b8f216af9748
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13801865
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Eptesicus albescens Karelin, 1875 [nomen nudum]. Not allocated to subspecies: gabonensis Trouessart, 1897 [see discussion in Hayman and Hill, 1971]


col__id: f15dad9d-561b-5c89-adf2-cc4a6452b4bc
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13802038
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Nyctalus montanus Kishida, 1934 [not Barrett-Hamilton, 1906]. Not allocated to subspecies: macuanus Peters, 1852 [type locality = Mozambique, but this provenance is dubious


col__id: f2a14595-d2bf-5d4e-8fcc-71b26c69d270
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:12100021
gn__canonical_simple: Microcebus ravelobensis
gn__canonical_full: Microcebus ravelobensis
gn__canonical_stemmed: Microcebus rauelobens
gn__authors: Zimmermann|Ehresmann|Zietemann|Radespiel|Randrianambinina|Rakotoarison
gn__id: f2a14595-d2bf-5d4e-8fcc-71b26c69d270
col__authorship: Zimmermann, Ehresmann, Zietemann, Radespiel, Randrianambinina, and Rakotoarison 1997
col__rank_id: SPECIES
col__genus: Microcebus
col__specific_epithet: ravelobensis
col__basionym_authorship: Zimmermann, Ehresmann, Zietemann, Radespiel, Randrianambinina & Rakotoarison
col__basionym_authorship_year: 1997
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Microcebus ravelobensis Zimmermann, Ehresmann, Zietemann, Radespiel, Randrianambinina, and Rakotoarison 1997


col__id: f3e0a82b-0c13-56e0-bf36-166c80234535
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13000356
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Cricetulus tuvinicus Iskhakova, 1974 [see Corbet, 1984, and Pavlinov et al., 1995a, for status of this name]


col__id: fbd03002-0f1b-518d-9053-dbbe80621e00
col__alternative_id: gnoutlink:13001414
gn__scientific_name_string:
  Lemniscomys spinalis Thomas, 1916 [replacement for dorsalis A. Smith, 1845, preoccupied by dorsalis G. Fischer, 1814]


# taxonomic_status

id: SYNONYM
name: synonym
majorStatus: SYNONYM
description:
  Names which point unambiguously at one species (not specifying whether homo- or heterotypic).Synonyms, in the CoL sense, include also orthographic variants and published misspellings.


id: AMBIGUOUS_SYNONYM
name: ambiguous synonym
majorStatus: SYNONYM
description:
  Names which are ambiguous because they point at the current species and one or more others e.g. homonyms, pro-parte synonyms (in other words, names which appear more than in one place in the Catalogue).


id: MISAPPLIED
name: misapplied
majorStatus: SYNONYM
description:
  A misapplied name. Usually accompanied with an accordingTo on the synonym to indicate the source the misapplication can be found in.


# species_interaction_type

id: MUTUALIST_OF
name: mutualist of
inverse: MUTUALIST_OF
superTypes: SYMBIONT_OF
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002442
description:
  An interaction relationship between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association in a relationship in which both organisms benefit from each other (GO).


id: COMMENSALIST_OF
name: commensalist of
inverse: COMMENSALIST_OF
superTypes: SYMBIONT_OF
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002441
description:
  An interaction relationship between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association in a relationship in which one benefits and the other is unaffected (GO).


id: EPIPHYTE_OF
name: epiphyte of
inverse: HAS_EPIPHYTE
superTypes: SYMBIONT_OF
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0008501
description:
  An interaction relationship wherein a plant or algae is living on the outside surface of another plant.


id: LAYS_EGGS_ON
name: lays eggs on
inverse: HAS_EGGS_LAYED_ON_BY
superTypes: HAS_HOST
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0008507
description:
  An interaction relationship in which organism a lays eggs on the outside surface of organism b. Organism b is neither helped nor harmed in the process of egg laying or incubation.


id: POLLINATES
name: pollinates
inverse: POLLINATED_BY
superTypes: VISITS_FLOWERS_OF
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002455
description:
  This relation is intended to be used for biotic pollination - e.g. a bee pollinating a flowering plant. 


id: KLEPTOPARASITE_OF
name: kleptoparasite of
inverse: HAS_KLEPTOPARASITE
superTypes: PARASITE_OF
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0008503
description:
  A sub-relation of parasite of in which a parasite steals resources from another organism, usually food or nest material


id: ECTOPARASITE_OF
name: ectoparasite of
inverse: HAS_ECTOPARASITE
superTypes: PARASITE_OF
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002632
description:
  A sub-relation of parasite-of in which the parasite lives on or in the integumental system of the host


id: ENDOPARASITE_OF
name: endoparasite of
inverse: HAS_ENDOPARASITE
superTypes: PARASITE_OF
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002634
description:
  A sub-relation of parasite-of in which the parasite lives inside the host, beneath the integumental system


id: VECTOR_OF
name: vector of
inverse: HAS_VECTOR
superTypes: HOST_OF
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002459
description:
  a is a vector for b if a carries and transmits an infectious pathogen b into another living organism


id: PREYS_UPON
name: preys upon
inverse: PREYED_UPON_BY
superTypes: EATS,KILLS
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002439
description:
  An interaction relationship involving a predation process, where the subject kills the object in order to eat it or to feed to siblings, offspring or group members


id: EATS
name: eats
inverse: EATEN_BY
superTypes: INTERACTS_WITH
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002470
description:
  Herbivores, fungivores, predators or other forms of organims eating or feeding on the related taxon.


id: SYMBIONT_OF
name: symbiont of
inverse: SYMBIONT_OF
superTypes: INTERACTS_WITH
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002440
description:
  A symbiotic relationship, a more or less intimate association, with another organism. The various forms of symbiosis include parasitism, in which the association is disadvantageous or destructive to one of the organisms; mutualism, in which the association is advantageous, or often necessary to one or both and not harmful to either; and commensalism, in which one member of the association benefits while the other is not affected. However, mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism are often not discrete categories of interactions and should rather be perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction of a symbiotic interaction can change during the lifetime of the symbionts due to developmental changes as well as changes in the biotic/abiotic environment in which the interaction occurs. 


id: INTERACTS_WITH
name: interacts with
inverse: INTERACTS_WITH
superTypes: CO_OCCURS_WITH
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002437
description:
  An interaction relationship in which at least one of the partners is an organism and the other is either an organism or an abiotic entity with which the organism interacts.


id: CO_OCCURS_WITH
name: co occurs with
inverse: CO_OCCURS_WITH
superTypes: RELATED_TO
obo: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0008506
description:
  An interaction relationship describing organisms that often occur together at the same time and space or in the same environment.


# taxon_concept_rel_type

id: OVERLAPS
name: overlaps
rcc5: partially overlapping (PO)
description:
  Both taxon concepts share some members/children in common, and each contain some members not shared with the other.


# gazetteer

id: TDWG
name: tdwg
title: World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions
link: http://www.tdwg.org/standards/109
description:
  World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions published by TDWG at level 1, 2, 3 or 4.  Level 1 = Continents, Level 2 = Regions, Level 3 = Botanical countries, Level 4 = Basic recording units.


id: ISO
name: iso
title: ISO 3166 Country Codes
link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166
areaLinkTemplate: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:
description:
  ISO 3166 codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions. Codes for current countries (ISO 3166-1), country subdivisions (ISO 3166-2) and formerly used names of countries (ISO 3166-3). Country codes can be given either as alpha-2, alpha-3 or numeric codes.


id: LONGHURST
name: longhurst
title: Longhurst Biogeographical Provinces
link: http://www.marineregions.org/sources.php#longhurst
description:
  Longhurst Biogeographical Provinces, a partition of the world oceans into provinces as defined by Longhurst, A.R. (2006). Ecological Geography of the Sea. 2nd Edition.


id: TEOW
name: teow
title: Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World
link: https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/terrestrial-ecoregions-of-the-world
description:
  Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World is a biogeographic regionalization of the Earth's terrestrial biodiversity. See Olson et al. 2001. Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience 51(11):933-938.


id: IHO
name: iho
title: International Hydrographic Organization See Areas
description:
  Sea areas published by the International Hydrographic Organization as boundaries of the major oceans and seas of the world. See Limits of Oceans & Seas, Special Publication No. 23 published by the International Hydrographic Organization in 1953.


id: MRGID
name: mrgid
title: Marine Regions Geographic Identifier
link: https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php
areaLinkTemplate: http://marineregions.org/mrgid/
description:
  Standard, relational list of geographic names developed by VLIZ covering mainly marine names such as seas, sandbanks, ridges, bays or even standard sampling stations used in marine research.The geographic cover is global; however the gazetteer is focused on the Belgian Continental Shelf, the Scheldt Estuary and the Southern Bight of the North Sea.


